MOT fail · manual section 4.1.1

Headlamp not working on main beam

What this MOT fail means, how often testers record it and what the usual repair costs. From 130,233,413 DVSA MOT tests taken 2022 to 2025.

MOT data updated 28 September 2026

As a fail, per 100 MOTs (n=130,233,413)0.23

Most often at25 years

Times recorded301,800

Times recorded adds every DVSA code with this wording, so a test can record it more than once, for example on two wheels under separate codes.

What it means

This is a major defect: the car fails its MOT. A major defect may affect the car’s safety, put other road users at risk or harm the environment. The car fails its MOT and the defect must be repaired.

Every lamp is checked for whether it works, its colour, its condition and its aim, along with the battery, wiring and dashboard warning lamps. Many lamp defects are quick fixes such as a bulb, but some point to a fault in a lamp unit or the wiring.

The MOT inspection manual describes the defect (section 4.1.1) as:

A headlamp or light source missing, inoperative or more than ½ not functioning in the case of LED

Read this section of the MOT inspection manual on GOV.UK

The DVSA codes counted on this page: the manual item and the defect text as DVSA records them. The heading above joins the two, as a certificate does; the tester also adds the position, such as nearside front.
Result	Manual item	DVSA defect text	Records
Fail Major	Headlamp	not working on main beam (4.1.1)	301,800

Got an MOT advisory or defect on a certificate? Paste it into the MOT advisory checker to see what it means.

How common it is by age

Testers record it most at 25 years: 0.63 per 100 MOTs (n=313,355 tests at that age).

Per 100 MOT tests of cars at each age, all makes. We show no figure below 20 tests.
Age	Fail per 100	Tests (n)
3 years	0.038	8,016,463
4 years	0.052	8,699,937
5 years	0.076	9,425,360
6 years	0.10	10,382,720
7 years	0.13	10,537,318
8 years	0.17	10,440,457
9 years	0.23	9,949,012
10 years	0.27	9,049,507
11 years	0.31	8,087,514
12 years	0.34	7,303,151
13 years	0.35	6,612,160
14 years	0.37	6,054,526
15 years	0.39	5,591,675
16 years	0.39	4,858,625
17 years	0.39	4,040,458
18 years	0.37	3,261,622
19 years	0.37	2,479,858
20 years	0.39	1,845,952
21 years	0.42	1,321,417
22 years	0.47	913,980
23 years	0.52	619,531
24 years	0.56	428,815
25 years	0.63	313,355

Models that get it most

Each model generation is compared with cars of the same ages and fuel, so older and diesel models are not penalised for their age or fuel. Generations are never pooled.

Model generations with the highest rate as a fail, against cars of the same ages and fuel. A model’s figure counts this defect only at ages where it is among that model’s 25 most recorded items, and as zero elsewhere, so it is a floor. Tests (n) are all the generation’s MOT tests at ages with at least 1,000 tests each; at least 5,000 in total.
Model	Per 100 MOTs, at least	Same ages and fuel	Times as often	Tests (n)	Ages
MG ZSfirst used 2017 or laterMG ZS headlight bulb replacement MG ZS electrical and lighting problems	1.10	0.058	19.1	143,170	3 to 7
Jeep Cherokeefirst used 2014 or laterJeep Cherokee electrical and lighting problems	2.63	0.21	12.4	21,172	6 to 11
Jeep Compassfirst used before 2017Jeep Compass electrical and lighting problems	3.36	0.30	11.0	9,223	9 to 13
Toyota C-HRToyota C-HR headlight bulb replacement Toyota C-HR electrical and lighting problems	0.94	0.19	5.0	307,013	3 to 8
Infiniti Q30	0.64	0.14	4.6	18,856	5 to 9
Land Rover Range Rover EvoqueLand Rover Range Rover Evoque headlight bulb replacement Land Rover Range Rover Evoque electrical and lighting problems	0.78	0.17	4.4	704,715	3 to 14
Vauxhall InsigniaVauxhall Insignia headlight bulb replacement Vauxhall Insignia electrical and lighting problems	1.04	0.25	4.0	834,880	3 to 16
Saab 9-5Saab 9-5 electrical and lighting problems	1.54	0.38	4.0	33,143	12 to 23
Renault ZoeRenault Zoe headlight bulb replacement Renault Zoe electrical and lighting problems	0.67	0.17	3.9	74,266	3 to 11
Kia StonicKia Stonic electrical and lighting problems	0.20	0.056	3.5	94,808	3 to 7
Peugeot 108Peugeot 108 electrical and lighting problems	0.38	0.11	3.3	296,826	3 to 11
Vauxhall AntaraVauxhall Antara headlight bulb replacement Vauxhall Antara electrical and lighting problems	1.07	0.32	3.3	83,963	7 to 16
Fiat 500Fiat 500 electrical and lighting problems	0.56	0.19	3.0	1,394,433	3 to 17
Ford RangerFord Ranger electrical and lighting problems	0.46	0.19	2.4	426,542	3 to 24
Toyota IQToyota IQ electrical and lighting problems	0.68	0.31	2.2	67,409	9 to 16
Volkswagen BeetleVolkswagen Beetle headlight bulb replacement Volkswagen Beetle electrical and lighting problems	0.65	0.31	2.1	180,577	5 to 24
Nissan PathfinderNissan Pathfinder electrical and lighting problems	0.80	0.40	1.9	23,532	10 to 19
Mazda BongoMazda Bongo electrical and lighting problems	0.70	0.36	1.9	35,066	6 to 25
Toyota AurisToyota Auris electrical and lighting problems	0.69	0.36	1.8	623,950	3 to 18
Jeep PatriotJeep Patriot electrical and lighting problems	0.72	0.39	1.8	8,210	12 to 16

Read this with care. A fail rate is not a measure of build quality. How far cars are driven, how they are used and how well owners maintain them all change it, and wear items such as tyres and brake pads are common fails. Compare a model only with cars of the same age. Methodology and limits.

Repair and cost

The usual repair is headlight bulb replacement, priced per bulb.

Median price (78 shops)£3.99

Middle half of prices£2.50 to £7.99

ONS price quotes for “CAR BULB 12 VOLT SPECIFY WATTS”, September 2025 to August 2026, UK, 1,677 quotes from 78 shops, priced per bulb. This is the price of the bulb. Some cars need a bumper or wheel-arch liner removed to reach it, which adds labour, and many newer cars have sealed LED lamps with no separate bulb. Consumer prices as quoted.

If a garage also charges labour

Local garage labour, per hour (65 shops)£78

Local garage, middle half£70 to £96

Main dealer labour, per hour (62 shops)£156

Main dealer, middle half£144 to £174

Median hourly rate charged for car repairs, from 1,058 local garage and 953 main dealer price quotes collected by the ONS, September 2025 to August 2026. The same shops are priced each month, so the number of shops is the real sample.

Headlight bulb replacement: cost and the models that need it more often

Related MOT defects

Registration plate lamp inoperative in the case of multiple lamps or light sources3.00 per 100
Position lamp not working2.54 per 100
Stop lamp not working1.94 per 100
Headlamp not working on dipped beam1.43 per 100
Headlamp aim projected beam image is obviously incorrect1.29 per 100
Headlamp aim too low1.18 per 100
Registration plate lamp inoperative in the case of a single lamp or all lamps1.09 per 100
Headlamp aim too high0.87 per 100
Headlamp lens slightly defective0.84 per 100
Individual direction indicator slightly discoloured0.83 per 100

All lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment defects All MOT defects Car repair costs

Buying a used car?

These figures describe all cars, not any one car. Found one you might buy? See what the VetTheCar Buying Report would tell you.

See an example report MOT fail rates by model All free tools

Source

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: DVSA anonymised MOT test data, class 4 normal MOT tests, 2022 to 2025, and the MOT inspection manual published on GOV.UK. Prices: ONS consumer price inflation price quotes, September 2025 to August 2026, UK.

MOT data updated 28 September 2026. Prices updated 22 September 2026.

Not affiliated with or endorsed by DVSA or the Office for National Statistics. How we calculate these figures · Data sources